Military Strategy The Dutch Empire And The Netherlands

Military strategy forever had been battles of attrition, men throwing themselves at each other until a winner was determined, this form of battle was replaced in Europe during the 16th and 17th century. The change in military strategy took place mostly in Europe, and the countries at the forefront of this were the Swedish empire and the Netherlands. The Swedes and Dutch changed many military strategies and practices which were in place for thousands of years and changed the standard for militaries. They helped to show the first realistic application of David versus Goliath, using smart tactics paired with a smaller army to destroy militaries of greater size. The two smallest nations in Europe took control and led the world in military innovations in the 16th and 17th century through competition and loss. The Swedes and Dutch managed to create fluid militaries which were able to overpower larger armies through deception and agility. The Swedish and Dutch nations during the 16th and 17 th century gained military strength through the reformation of tactics, reorganization of the military, improvisation of weapons, and as a result changed the image and action of the military forever. The idea of a military revolution was first explored by a man named Michael Roberts in the 1950s. Roberts said that if the Swedish Empire and the Netherlands had not developed as they did, military strategy and organization would have not evolved for much later. Both the Netherlands and SwedenShow MoreRelatedThe Wars of Religion Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pageswars of religion.† But is this title completely appropriate? For wars claiming to be centered on religion, they seem to carry an awfully heavy load of political baggage. In fact, one could argue that the wars in France, the Netherlands, as well as in the Holy Roman Empire, had many more political influences than religious. Religion masqueraded as a means of getting political power or territory for (though admittedly not all) a substantial amount of protestants; Calvinists to be specific. TheRead MoreAp European History Reading Questions-Chapter 15 Essay examples1631 Words   |  7 Pages1. The upmost important reason for economic and social problems that troubled Europe from 1560 to 1650 was an incredible inflation among other things. The Spanish empire brought tons of gold back to Europe and caused the value of gold to plummet. Since this was a situation that Europe had never experienced, they didnt understand it. More gold was supposed to be good, right? Suddenly prices started to rise for no reason. Also in Spain, unlike gold, there was very little silver being produced at theRead MoreEssay about United States Policy toward Southeast Asia3632 Words   |  15 Pagesperiod following the Japanese invasion, which exposed the weaknesses of the Imperial powers, convincing many that they were not invincible. Further reading reveals that The USA appeared to adopt differing, seemingly dualistic strategies of involvement in the region, especially after 1950. By this time, The Philippines, Burma, Thailand and Indonesia were independent, with new nationalist rulers. Vietnam was still a French colony and Malaya a British one. The US got tough Read MoreHistory Notes on Ww21625 Words   |  7 Pages19.1 NOTES European Aggressors on the March In 1935, Mussolini attacks Ethiopia to build a colonial empire. League of Nations does not stop aggression. In 1935 Hitler begins rebuilding the German army. In 1936 Germany occupies Rhineland. Britain urges appeasement, a policy of giving in to aggression. In 1936, Germany, Italy, and Japan – the Axis power-form and alliance. Democratic Nations Try to Preserve Peace United States follows an isolationist policy. Isolationism- avoidance ofRead MoreLouis Xiv Foreign Policy1680 Words   |  7 Pagesthis advice to heart and for the early part of his reign his foreign policy was almost entirely based upon his desire to become a renowned warrior king and win honour for himself and his kingdom. After 1674 and the withdrawal of French troops from Dutch soil, however, Louis seemed to mellow and become less hot-blooded, with security being the dominant factor in his foreign policy. In addition, two other factors helped dictate his policy during the later years. Firstly, the desire to create a mercantileRead MoreEssay on Napoleon at Waterloo1452 Words   |  6 Pagesadvantage in numbers and Napoleon’s gift for military strategy would not be enough to prevent his loss at the Battle of Waterloo and his second exile to St. Helena . The would be Emperor’s lack of military communication, his inability to draw the smaller English forces into battle, his underestimation of the Prussian forces, and a lack of morale with the second â€Å"Grande Armee† would prove Napoleon’s downfall at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon’s strategy to crush the Anglo-Allied forces in BelgiumRead MoreHow Canada Can Make Its Own Decisions As A Nation1715 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough it on an almost national level. One of these countries includes Canada, who fought alongside the United Kingdom, United States, France and the Soviet Union in a military alliance known as The Allies against Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers. At the time, it was a comparatively new and independent country, with a smaller military force compared to others involved in the wars’ efforts. Their declaration of war was approximately one week after the powers of Britain and France; on September 10thRead MoreChapter 3 : The British Atlantic World1657 Words   |  7 Pagesgrouped together in what the British called â€Å"tribes† in order to counter population decline and have some political power. The colonies were mostly autonomous and part of the South Atlantic System, which brought them economic growth. Colonies to Empire, 1660 - 1713 England governed its colonies loosely before 1660, but after 1660, when the monarch was brought back, England tried to reinforce order in the colonies and allied with Native Americans to fight against other European countries. The RestorationRead MoreWorld s Most Culturally Diverse And Religiously Open Empire4967 Words   |  20 PagesACHAEMENID PERSIAN EMPIRE The Achaemenid Empire existed from 559 BC to 330 BC, and was considered the world’s most culturally diverse and religiously open empire in history. The author’s thesis of this chapter is mainly about how tolerance is pivotal in the rise and eventual fall of an empire. She argues that the willingness of the leaders to accept each culture led to great things, like fewer rebellions, but it also caused the lack of each group to have a common language, religion, or interestRead MoreEssay on Philip II of Spain1951 Words   |  8 Pagespersonality and characteristics convey, not only himself, but also his empire to others. It is believed by some historians that Philip was a far poorer leader than his father, Charles I, who had reigned before him. Philip grew up to be an outsider and carried this flaw with him into leadership. He never fully trusted anyone and so was incapable of calling upon others resources to aid him. He controlled a multi-cultural empire but was held very basic skills in the languages which he needed to communicate

Essay on Effective Punishment in Hawthornes The Scarlet...

Effective Punishment in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne, Author of The Scarlet Letter, criticizes that the style of punishment used by the Puritan Religion was radical, inhumane, and cold. He argues that the outcome of their punishments was damaging to the characters and their personality. However, this accusation is false. The punishments although seemingly inhumane, caused positive outcomes for all three characters Hester Prynne, Pearl Prynne, and Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester Prynne is accused of adultery in a Massachusetts puritan colony in the 1600s. (Hawthorne, 49) Although Hawthorne argues that Hester Prynne was hardened both socially and physically by puritan punishment, the outcome makes her more independent and†¦show more content†¦From her Sin, Hester became aware of the inequalities within Puritan society, and sought to make change, hoping that women would one day see the equality she was never been able to experience. Without her sin, she would have never contemplated such an independent, positive, and radical idea that offers such a beneficial outcome for women in her imbalanced community. Reverend Arthur Dimmsdale is the accomplice of Hester Prynne, they together, committed an act of adultery. Hawthorne argues that Dimmesdale sinks into a deep depression of moral shame. The only truth that continued to give Mr. Dimmesdale a real existence on this earth was the anguish in his inmost soul (Hawthorne,134). He argues that the effects of the puritans cold punishments could only give a harmful outcome. Although it may be true that Dimmesdale sinks into a deep depression after feeling guilt from his crimes, the outcome was not purely negative. Dimmesdale begins to preach about the crime he commits, which improves the quality of his sermons, because the puritan community begins to accept them with great enthusiasm. He preached a discourse which was held to be the richest and most powerful, and the most replete with heavenly influences, that had ever proceeded from his lips(Hawthorne, 145). His guilt, from the sin, actually benefits his sermons and his expressions as a human b eing.Show MoreRelatedHester Prynne In The Scarlet Letter Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesD.H. Lawrence’s criticism, â€Å"On the Scarlet Letter,† criticizes Nathaniel Hawthorne’s portrayal of Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter. Lawrence finds fault in how Hester’s sin of adultery is glorified in the novel. D.H. Lawrence argues that Hawthorne mischaracterizes Hester Prynne as a heroine by using choppy syntax, biblical allusions, and a sarcastic tone. One rhetorical device Lawrence effectively uses to argue that Hester is mischaracterized as a heroine is choppy syntax. This is evident whenRead MoreEssay about The Scarlet Letter Critical Analysis1251 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter Critical Analysis Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, the direct descendant of John Hawthorne, and a judge at the infamous Salemwitchcraft trials. The guilt that Hawthorne felt over the actions of his ancestor had an enormous impact on his writings. In his introduction of The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne accepts the guilt from his forefathers and offers to repent for their crimes (Waggoner, 5). This unusual way of viewingRead MoreThe Effective Use of Symblism in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effective Use of Symblism in The Scarlett Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne The novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an intriguing account of a Puritan community that experiences a breakdown in beliefs. The story deals with a woman, Hester, who commits adultery with a Calvinistic minister resulting in the birth of a child (Martin 110). As compensation for her crime of passion and her refusal to name her lover, Hester is sentenced to wear an embroidered scarlet letter on herRead MoreCrime And Effective Punishment Essay1332 Words   |  6 PagesCrime and Effective Punishment Stone walls do not a prison make, / [N]or iron bars a cage.-Richard Lovelace (Quiller) As time flows, and calendar pages flip, the world evolves and changes. With time, crime changes. With the change of crime, punishments should change as well. The twenty-first century has seen the birth of mass multimedia in which our every action and interaction is seen by all; it has made all the world a stage. Today’s world stage has created image conscientious actors who baseRead More Characterization, Symbolism, and Irony in The Scarlet Letter1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a novel about a young woman who commits adultery and is forced to wear the letter A, which symbolizes adultery, on her chest. In this novel, Hawthorne includes many symbols to display hidden meanings, including character symbols to wake up the reader. Irony is an important element as well, used to reveal the hypocrisy of humankind. The Scarlet Letter is a unique blend of characters, irony and symbolism. Hester Prynne is first described in theRead MoreDo Shame Punishments Have A Positive Effect?1355 Words   |  6 PagesShame Punishments Have a Positive Effect? Parents, teachers, and officers have utilized shame as a punishment. People have used this idea for hundreds of years, as shown in Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter. As of recent studies, psychologists try to decide whether the punishment’s benefits outweigh its drawbacks, authoritative figures must ask themselves, â€Å"do shame punishments have a positive effect?† Numerous enforcers debate whether or not to use public shame as an alternate punishment to saveRead More Use of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter2106 Words   |  9 PagesUse of Romanticism in Development of Characters in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hawthornes revered novel The Scarlet Letter, the use of Romanticism plays an important role in the development of his characters. He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England.   It is all gloom and doom.   If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice.   The entire place seems to be shroudedRead MoreMany Symbols in the Scarlett Letter879 Words   |  3 PagesRoger Ebert said, â€Å"If you have to ask what it symbolizes, it didnt.† There are many â€Å"symbols† in The Scarlet Letter. The most known one was the letter itself. The meaning of the letter appears clear at first but as the book progresses you see the letter’s meaning shift with Hester’s character. The magistrates intended the letter to represent the sin of adultery. And while of course, people did shun her at the very beginning, the â€Å"shamingâ €  technique could not weather the test of time. The â€Å"A† soonRead MorePublic Humiliation Essay749 Words   |  3 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, public humiliation is implemented on the main character, Hester Prynne. In Toni Locy’s â€Å"Concerns raised on ‘Scarlet Letter’ for Drunk Drivers†, the effectiveness of public humiliation is both questioned and supported. As well as in Wray Herbert’s â€Å"The Two Faces of Shame†. Public humiliation causes a person to take even more responsibility for his sins. Through the exposure of his mistakes he must realize he has done something wrong, accept the punishment, andRead More Morality in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay2124 Words   |  9 PagesMorality in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚   ...pain is in itself an evil; and indeed, without exception, the only evil; or else the words good and evil have no meaning. (Chase 127) In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne presents a very clear view of his stand on morality, which he carefully cultivates through the course of the story. The moral, which is Be true! applies equally well to all of the characters in the novel. Though his view does seem to stand as true through the length

Academic Effects Essay Example For Students

Academic Effects Essay In the spring of 1997, Lisa Sharon Cushing and Craig H. Kennedy conducted an experiment to study the academic effects of providing peer support in general education classrooms on students without disabilities. In other words, students were paired with other students and their behavior observed. The study was undertaken to better understand the effects of peer support stratigies of participating students. Three non-disabled students were observed and a baseline measure of academic engagement was taken. Each student was paired to be a peer supporter with a disabled student and that level of behavior was observed. The experimental question states: Does serving as a peer support have a positive or negative effect on academic engagement and associated measures on peers without disabilities?The independent variable is the peer support of the disabled students. The dependant variable is time acadmeic engagement behavior during a fifty-minute class peroid. To sum it up, three non-disabled st udent who were judged to have poor class room attention and academic engagement during class were selcted in this study. A baseline measuer was obtained for a comparison point. The intervention, which is the paring up with a disabled student as a peer supporter, was introduced and a behavioral measure was again taken. The results were compared to that of the baseline measure. Three non-disabled students were selected for this experiment; Cindy, Kealoha, and Louie. First, Cindy is a 13-year-old quiet girl who draws little attention to herself and often has difficulty following directions. Second, Kealoha is a 12-year-old boy who has problems paying attention during class lectures and is often late in turning in assignments in on time or at all. Third, Louie is an 11-year-old boy who often interupts class by blurting out and talking to other students during lecture. Louie has not been turing in his assignments and was receiving low grades. Each of these students was paired with a disabled student to serve as a peer support during class. First, Cindy was paired with Cathy in English class. Cathy is a 13-year-old girl with severe multiple disabilities including Rett syndrome. She tracks people and objects by gazing, expresses herself by smiling or crying, and blinks her eyes to communicate to yes/no questions. She requires assistance with all activities. Second, Kealoha was matched with Karl, a 12-year-old boy, in a health class of 35 students. Karl has severe intellectual disabilities and communicates using one to three word utterances as well as gestures, touching, and pointing. Karl is invloved in self-injurious behavior, and occasionally kicks or punches other classmates. If he is left unattended, he often roams throughout the classroom. Third, Louie was paired with Leila, an 11-year-old girl. Louie and Leila attend three separate classes together; English, Social Studies, and Science. Leila has moderate intellectual disabilities including poor articulation and a limited vocabulary, which cause her problems to express herself. She frequently needs assistance to stay focused and to follow directions. In all, three subjects were studied but six subjects were involved in the experiment. In addition to direct observation, there were other methods of social validation employeed. Adults perceptions of the classroom performance for Cindy and Louie were also assessed. They used the CPC, Classroom Participation Checklist, which contains a set of six questions relating to the engagement in classroom activities. Special education personnel who did not know the experimental question observed the student and rated his or her performance. The article does not address whether or not informed consent was obtained but is does discuss something similar. University graduate students took agreement measures by observing them in the naturalistic setting of their classroom. The mean agreement for Cindy and Kealoha w ere 88% and 93%. Louies mean agreement for English, Social Studies, and Science, were 89%, 82% and 88% respectively. For Cindy and Kealoha, a withdrawl design was selected to best assess their academic engagement alone and while serving as peer supporters. By using an ABAB design, the experimenters can compare the data between the two phases. Baseline measures were gathered for all three participants to assess their normal behavior as a comparison point. Due to the fact the Louie will be observed in three different settings, a more approiate design was selceted. A multiple baseline design will allow easy comparison between phases in the three classes and also be effective in keeping the three settings from influencing each other. To interpret data, both statistical and graphical analyses were used. The mean percent engagement for Cindy rose from 38% to 86%. Kealoha rose from 51% to 88%. Louies mean percent engagements for English, Socical Studies and Science rose from 66% to 90%, 63 % to 96%, and 72% to 92% respectively. The data was graphically displayed in a typical line graph, which made it much easier to see the increse in academic engagement, participation, and homework grades. The phenomenon of bipolar affective disorder has b EssayThe results from this studt definetly conclude that the three subjects benefited from the intervention introduced. Serving as a peer support of a person with moderate to severe disabilities can have positive effects on the non-disabled student serving as that supporter. The follow-up data concludes that this experiment had a carry-over effect on their general academic life. When the adolescences served as peer supporters it caused them to become more aware of what was going on around them. As a result, in general, the academic engagement, participation, assignment completion and resulting grades increased. It is easy to see these results by viewing the graphs that corespond to the study. The study needs to be replicated to ensure that any extraneous variables that may have existed did not play a role in the benefits these children received. Cushing, L.S. and Kennedy, C.H. Academic effects of providing peer support in general e ducation classrooms on students without disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 139-151.

Los Vendidos free essay sample

The majority of people have experienced the feeling of being named or put into a category that they do not belong. These assumptions and accusations are made by people just because of a person’s appearance physically, or where one may live. This is a problem that society has not addressed or given enough attention to being solved. In the play â€Å"Los Vendidos,† written by Luis Valdez in 1967, Luis attempts to send a message to our society that stereotyping has gone out of line and has made individuals feel dehumanized in most cases. In the short play â€Å"Los Vendidos,† Luis Valdez does a great job specifying details with the costumes and gestures the characters use in the play to give us a better understanding of the message he is trying to send. This short play is constructed in an exaggerated and humorous tone to make the play more satire and obvious. We will write a custom essay sample on Los Vendidos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This play specifies stereotyping toward Mexicans and the negative effects that are far-fetched and that they hurt the victims as well as the oppressors. In this short play, Luis Valdez uses four models that play as Mexicans which can be said are the most common stereotype of Mexicans; the Farm Worker, Revolucionario, Johnny â€Å"Pachuco,† and the Mexican-American. These four Mexicans are heavily criticized by a woman who works for the government, the secretary. The secretary walks into a shop that sells â€Å"Mexicans† by a man named Honest Sancho. In the play this woman is known to be a â€Å"White washed Mexican† by simply denying her Mexican roots and pretending to be Anglo. She denies her background when Honest Sancho, the owner of the four Mexican models, pronounces her name as Jimenez instead of â€Å"JIM-enez. † She responded with, â€Å"My name is Miss JIM-enez. Don you speak English? What’s wrong with you? †(Page 1336). The secretary is basically looking for a Mexican for her administration, but she is looking for a Mexican that looks and acts like an American. Honest Sancho presents his four models as hard workers and each model with different unique traits but nothing seems to please the secretary enough to buy one. Miss Jimenez uses very cruel ways to describe every model Honest Sancho presents to her. She seemed to like little traits from each Mexican model but at the end they were not going good enough for the simple fact that they were Mexicans. This is a stereotype that has the perspective of looking at Mexicans as just hard workers, but can be easily manipulated by those with more money or power. This is one of the points Luis Valdez tries to point out, the author is basically saying that many Mexicans and other cultures in the United States feel dehumanized and feel offended by how they are all viewed as one. The author Valdez portrays Honest Sancho as a usual stereotyped Mexican business man by fooling the secretary at the end of the play. Honest Sancho shop is in a Mexicans car lot and likens Mexicans to objects, as people to be fetched whenever needed. The ridiculous qualities of the models also help emphasize how unfair it is to stereotype. Honest Sancho throughout the play mixes from speaking English to Spanish in many occasions. This would be considered speaking â€Å"Spanglish† to many people. One scenario where he speaks â€Å"Spanglish† is when he is welcoming the secretary by saying, â€Å"Ah, una chicana! Welcome, welcome Senorita Jimenez. † (page 1336). Many Chicano’s are criticized because they cannot speak either English or Spanish fluently or get questioned many times why they cannot master at least one of the two. For this reason, many people set low standards toward Mexicans assuming they are all in the same educational level. For example in this play, there is many scenes where the secretary relishes and repeatedly brings all of Sancho’s models and himself self-esteem down because their lack of English dialogue and comprehension.